Coeliac disease does not always present with diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Iron-deficiency anaemia, fatigue, skin problems or delayed growth may be the first sign. Symptoms vary widely, so diagnosis cannot be made from symptoms alone.
Important: If coeliac disease is suspected, continue eating gluten until medical testing is complete unless your clinician advises otherwise. Starting a gluten-free diet before testing can affect the results.
Common symptoms in adults
- Persistent diarrhoea or constipation
- Bloating, gas and abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and weakness
- Iron-deficiency anaemia
- Bone or joint problems
- Recurring mouth ulcers
- Headaches, tingling or balance problems
- An itchy blistering rash known as dermatitis herpetiformis
Possible symptoms in children
- Slow growth or poor weight gain
- Swollen abdomen and recurring stomach pain
- Chronic diarrhoea or constipation
- Vomiting or poor appetite
- Irritability, tiredness or reduced school performance
- Dental enamel problems
- Delayed puberty
Can coeliac disease be silent?
Yes. Some people have few obvious digestive symptoms yet still develop small-intestinal damage or nutrient deficiencies. People with a first-degree relative who has coeliac disease, type 1 diabetes or autoimmune thyroid disease should discuss testing with a healthcare professional.
When should you seek medical advice?
Speak with a GP, paediatrician or gastroenterologist if bowel symptoms persist, iron deficiency remains unexplained, weight loss occurs, a child is not growing as expected, or an itchy recurring rash develops. Sudden or severe symptoms require urgent medical assessment.
How is coeliac disease tested?
Testing usually starts with coeliac blood tests while gluten is still being eaten. Depending on the result and clinical history, a specialist may recommend endoscopy and small-bowel biopsy. The correct tests depend on age and individual circumstances.
Does feeling better without gluten prove coeliac disease?
No. Symptom improvement after removing gluten does not confirm coeliac disease. Non-coeliac wheat sensitivity, lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome and other conditions may cause similar symptoms.
After a confirmed diagnosis
The treatment for confirmed coeliac disease is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. Cross-contact prevention, label reading and monitoring of nutritional deficiencies are important. A specialist dietitian can provide personalised support. Suitable shopping options are available in our gluten-free collection; products do not diagnose, prevent or treat disease.
Frequently asked questions
Can coeliac disease develop later in life?
Yes. People with genetic susceptibility may be diagnosed in childhood or adulthood.
Does a negative blood test always rule it out?
Not in every situation. Test selection, total IgA level, current gluten intake and other clinical factors can affect interpretation.
Is coeliac disease an allergy?
No. It is an autoimmune condition and differs from wheat allergy.